Hoi S. KWOK (PhD, Harvard, 1978)
 Dr William Mong Chair Professor of Nanotechnology
E-mail "eekwok@ust.hk"
Research  Interests
  Display technologies and  nanotechnologies.  
Brief  Biography
  Professor Kwok received his BS  degree in Electrical Engineering from Northwestern University in 1973. He then  studied at Harvard University, where he received his MS and PhD degrees in  Applied Physics in 1974 and 1978 respectively. From 1978 to 1980, he worked at  the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. From 1980 to 1992, he was with the Department  of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of New York at  Buffalo, where he was a Full Professor since 1985. He joined HKUST in 1992. Currently  he is the Director of the State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and  Optoelectronics. 
  Professor Kwok has chaired many  conferences including the Annual Symposium of the Society for Information  Display in 2016. He was awarded a Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1984  and the New York State/UUP Excellence Award in 1991. He is a Fellow of IEEE,  OSA and SID. He is also an elected member of the Asia Pacific Academy of  Materials. 
Professor Kwok has published over 700 journal  and conference papers. He has also written 3 monographs and edited 6 Conference  Proceedings. He holds more than 90 patents and is active in technology transfer.
  
 Recent Publications
Year 2014
  - Vladimir Chigrinov,  Abhishek Srivastava, Eugene Pozhidaev, Guo Qi, Ma Ying, Hoi Sing Kwok, Fast High  Resolution Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays, pp 90-92, 45th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA,  June 2014. 
 
  - Hiroshi Hasebe, Kazunori Maruyama, Masanao Takashima,  Sayaka Amano1,  Fumiaki Kodera,  Shuuhei Yamamoto, Isa Nishiyama, Yoshitaka Saito, Yutaka Kadomoto, Hiroyuki Ito, Kazuki Obi,  Tetsuo Kusumoto, Haruyoshi Takatsu, Yuuichiro Tani, Kenichi Yamauchi, Keisuke  Fujisawa,  Hoi-Sing Kwok,  Vladimir G Chigrinov, Performance of Novel LC-photo-ligning Cinnamoyl Side-Chain Polymers, pp 389-392, 45th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA,  June 2014. 
 
  - Ying  Ma, Abhishek K. Srivastava, Qi Guo, V. G. Chigrinov, H. S. Kwok, Polymer Stabilized Electrically Suppressed  Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal, pp 393-395, 45th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 2014. 
 
  - Meng  Zhang, Wei Zhou, Rongsheng Chen, Shuyun Zhao, Man Wong  and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Static Reliability of Bridged-Grain Poly-Si  TFTs, pp 694-697, 45th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 2014. 
 
  - T.  K. Ho, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok, Effect of TFT Mobility, Sub-Threshold Swing,  and Threshold Voltage on AMOLED-Display  Resolution, pp 1001-1004, 45th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 2014. 
 
  - Meng  Zhang, Wei Zhou, Rongsheng Chen, Man Wong and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Top-Gate  Thin Film Transistor with ZnO:N Channel Fabricated by Room Temperature RF Magnetron  Sputtering, pp 1024-1027, 45th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 2014. 
 
  - T.  K. Ho, A. K. Srivastava, W. Zhou, R. S. Chen, C. Y. Lee, M. C. Tseng, V.  G. Chigrinov and H. S. Kwok, A Novel TFT Pixel Design  for Active Matrix FLC with Grayscale  Generation, pp 1134-1137, 45th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 2014. 
 
  - Su  Pan, and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Multilayer Silicon and  Silicon Oxide Subwavelength Grating as a Reflective Polarizer in Visible  Region, pp 1248-1250, 45th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 2014. 
 
  - Xiaoqian  Wang*, Abhishek K. Srivastava*, Vladimir G. Chigrinov*, and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Liquid Crystal Fresnel Zone Lens Based on  Single-Side Patterned Photoalignment Layer, pp 1367-1369, 45th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA,  June 2014. 
 
  - Chung-Yung  Lee, Man-Chun Tseng, Tsz-Kin Ho, Jacob Yeuk-Lung Ho and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Bistable Nano-structured Alignment Surface by  Nanoimprint Lithography, pp 1378-1381, 45th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 2014. 
 
  - Man-Chun  Tseng, Chung-Yung Lee, Tsz-Kin Ho and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Nucleation-control Bistable Twist Nematic Display,  pp 1435-1438, 45th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 2014. 
 
  - Jiatong Sun, Abhishek  Srivastava, Vladimir Chigrinov, Hoi Sing Kwok, Optimisation  of the Mechanical Stability and Rewriting Speed of Optically Rwritable e-Paper,  pp 1453-1456, 45th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 2014. 
 
  - Shuming  Chen, Xiaowei Sun1 and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Hybrid Analog-Digital Driving Method for High Definition AMOLED, pp  1514-1517, 45th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 2014. 
 
  - Yibin Jiang, Guijun Li, He Li, Shuming Chen,  and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated on  Nanostructured AZO: A Low-Cost Way towards Enhanced Light Extraction for Large  Area Lighting Application, pp 1526-1529, 45th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Diego, CA, June 2014.
 
Year 2013 
  
  - M  Zhang, W Zhou, R S Chen, M Wong and H S Kwok, 20th IEEE International Symposium on Physical and Failure  Analysis of IC, pp 724-727, 2013. 
 
  - Vladimir  Chigrinov, Eugene Pozhidaev, Abhishek Srivastava, Guo Qi, Ma Ying, Hoi Sing  Kwok, Fast Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Modes Based on  Photoaligning Technology, pp 534-536, 44th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Vancouver,  Canada, June 2013. 
 
  - Wei  Zhou, Rongsheng Chen, Shuyun Zhao, Meng Zhang, Man Wong and Hoi  Sing Kwok, High Uniformity Solid  Phase Crystallized Bridged-Grain Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors, pp 1003-1006, 44th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Vancouver,  Canada, June 2013. 
 
  - (Invited  paper) Hoi-Sing Kwok, Wei Zhou, Rongsheng Chen, Shuyun Zhao, Meng Zhang and Man  Wong, Shuming  Chen and Thomas Chow, Bridged-Grain  Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors, pp 863-866, 44th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Vancouver, Canada, June 2013. 
 
  - Meng  Zhang, Wei Zhou, Rongsheng Chen, Shuming Chen, Man Wong and Hoi-Sing Kwok, High-Performance Low-Temperature  Polycrystalline-Silicon Thin Film Transistors with Submicron-Dot-Array Doped  Active Channel, pp 871-873, 44th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Vancouver,  Canada, June 2013. 
 
  - Ying  Ma, Abhishek Kumar Srivastava, Vladimir Grigorievich Chigrinov and Hoi Sing Kwok, ESHFLC Field-Sequential Color Displays, pp  1300-1302, 44th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Vancouver,  Canada, June 2013. 
 
  - Li.  Tan, Jacob Y. Ho, Hoi-Sing Kwok, Characterization of Complex Liquid Crystal Polarization Gratings at  Oblique Incidence Using Extended  Jones Matrix Method, pp 1335-1337, 44th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Vancouver,  Canada, June 2013. 
 
  - Qi  Guo, Abhishek Srivastava, Ying Ma, Eugene Pozhidaev, Vladimir Chigrinov, Hoi Sing Kwok, Novel Composite Photo-alignment Layer for  Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display,  pp 1353-1354, 44th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Vancouver,  Canada, June 2013. 
 
  - Tsz-Kin Ho, Wei  Zhou, Rong-sheng Chen, Chung-Yung Lee, Man Chun Tseng, Man Wong and Hoi-Sing Kwok, A Simple and Effective Way to Improve  Projected Capacitive Touch Panel Architecture,  pp 1498-1500, 44th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Vancouver,  Canada, June 2013.
 
Year 2012 
  
  - Vladimir Chigrinov, Eugene Pozhidaev, Abhishek Srivastava, Guo Qi, Hoi  Sing Kwok Fast Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Modes for Field –Sequential- Color  and 3D Displays, pp 117-120, 43nd  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Boston, MA, June  2012. 
 
  - Chung Yung Lee, Man Chun Tseng, Fion Sze Yan  Yeung, Tsz Kin Ho and Hoi Sing Kwok, Stereoscopic 3D Display  by Fast Response Liquid Crystal Polarization Rotator, pp 121-124, 43nd Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Boston, MA, June 2012. 
 
  - Li Tan, Jacob Y. Ho, Hoi-Sing Kwok, Binary  Alignment Pattern Induced by Single Step Exposure of Laser Beam Polarization  Interference, pp 286-288, 43nd  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Boston, MA,  June 2012. 
 
  - Chung Yung Lee, Man Chun Tseng, Jacob Yeuk  Lung Ho and Hoi Sing Kwok, Variable Liquid Crystal Pretilt Angle using  Nano-Alignment Surfaces, pp 289-292, 43nd  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Boston, MA,  June 2012. 
 
  - Qi Guo, Eugene P. Pozhidaev, Abhishek K.  Srivastava, Ying Ma, Xiaoqian Wang, Vladimir G. Chigrinov, Hoi Sing Kwok, Deformed Helix  Ferroelectric Display with Low Driving Voltage and Fast Response Time, pp  449-451, 43nd  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Boston, MA,  June 2012. 
 
  - Wei Zhou, Zhiguo Meng, Shuyun Zhao, Meng  Zhang1, Rongsheng Chen, Man Wong and Hoi Sing Kwok, Bridged  Grain MIC Poly-Si Thin-Film Transistors with Sputtered AlOx as Gate  Dielectrics, pp 1079-1081, 43nd  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Boston, MA,  June 2012. 
 
  - Abhishek K. Srivastava, Fan Fan, Xiaoqian Q.  Wang, Vladimir G. Chigrinov, and Hoi Sing Kwok, Fast Nematic Liquid  Crystals (LC) Device Using Hybrid driving Scheme, pp 1436-1438, 43nd Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Boston, MA, June 2012. 
 
  - Shuming Chen, Hoi-Sing Kwok, Color Filter  Pixel Arrangement for Improving the Color Gamut of AMOLED Microdisplay, pp  1484-1487, 43nd  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Boston, MA,  June 2012.
 
Year 2011
  - Fan Fan, Man-Chun Tseng, Anatoli A. Murauski,  Hoi-Sing Kwok, Vladimir G. Chigrinov, Tunable Liquid Crystal  Lens by Spatially Controlling of Pretilt Angle, pp 1674-1675,  42nd  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA,  May 2011. 
 
  - Tao Du, Fan Fan, Qi Guo, Vladimir Chigrinov,  and Hoi Sing Kwok, Photocopy Technology in Producing Patterned Alignment Layer, pp  948-949, 42nd  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA,  May 2011. 
 
  - Shuyun Zhao, Zhiguo Meng, Wei Zhou, Man Wong  and Hoi Sing Kwok, Bridged-grain (BG) Eximer Laser Annealing (ELA) Polycrystalline Silicon  Thin Film Transistors (TFTs), pp870-873, 42nd  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA,  May 2011. 
 
  - Juan Li, Na Zeng, Chong Luo, Chun jian Yin, Ming  Yang, Zhiguo Meng, Shaozhen Xiong and Hoi Sing Kwok, Investigation  on the Hydrogen-Assisted Al Induced Metal Crystallization Poly-Si, pp  1355-1357,  42nd Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA, May 2011. 
 
  - Li Tan, Jiaxin Sun, Hoi Sing Kwok, A High  Efficiency Compact Size Color-Sequential LCOS Projection Engine with 100% NTSC,  pp 1798-1780, 42nd  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA,  May 2011. 
 
  - Vladimir Chigrinov, Hoi Sing Kwok, Isa Nishiyama,  Hirohi Hasebe, Haruyoshi Takatsu, (Invited Paper) Liquid  Crystal Devices Based on Photo-Alignment  and Photo-Patterning Materials, pp 939-941, 42nd  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA,  May 2011. 
 
  - Aliaksandr Smirnov, Andrei Stsiapanau,  Abubakar Saddik, Yauhen Mukha, Hoi S. Kwok and Anatoli Murauski, Combined  Nanostructured Layers for Display Applications, pp 1385-1387, 42nd Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA, May 2011.
 
Year 2010
  - Vladimir Chigrinov, Anatoli Murauski, Qiang  Yu, Hoi Sing Kwok, Optically Rewritable Liquid-Crystal Technology: A New Green E-Paper  Approach, pp 195-8, 41st  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Seattle, Wa, May 2010. 
 
  - Chung-Yung Lee, Man-Chun Tseng, Yuet-Wing Li,  and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Discontinuous Alignment Thin-Film Formation by Self-Organized Dewetting, pp 591-4, 41st  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Seattle, Wa, May 2010. 
 
  - Li Tan, Ho-Chi Huang, Hoi-Sing Kwok, Ultra  Compact Polarization Recycling System for White Light LED based Pico-Projection  System, pp 1159-61, 41st Society for Information Display International Symposium, Seattle, Wa, May 2010.
 
  - Rongsheng Chen, Shuyun Zhao, Wei Zhou, Hoi  Sing Kwok, Self-aligned Top-gate ZnO Thin Film Transistor with Novel Al2O3/SiO2 Gate  Insulator Structure, pp 1319-22, 41st  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Seattle, Wa,  May 2010. 
 
  - Juan Li, Siwei Ding, Ying Yao, Zhiguo Meng,  Chunya Wu, Shaozhen Xiong, and Hoi Sing Kwok, The Performance  Enhancement of the 2ωYAG Laser-Crystallized Poly-Si Using a Back-side  Self-Heating Layer of a-Si, pp 1466-8, 41st Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Seattle, Wa, May 2010. 
 
  - Man-Chun Tseng, Chung-Yung Lee, Yuet-Wing Li,  and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Study of Stacked  Alignment Layers on a Single Substrate with Spatial Liquid Crystal Pretilt Angles and its Applications, pp 1731-4, 41st Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Seattle, Wa,  May 2010. 
 
  - Lishuang Yao, Tao Du, Vladimir Chigrinov, and Hoi  Sing Kwok, Lishuang Yao and Li Xuan,Stabilization of Azodye  Alignment Layer for Liquid Crystal Display, pp  1741-4, 41st  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Seattle, Wa,  May 2010.
 
  - Tao Du, Lishuang Yao, Vladimir Chigrinov, and Hoi  Sing Kwok, Single Cell Gap Single Mode TN Transflective Liquid Crystal Display, pp 1794-7, 41st  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Seattle, Wa,  May 2010.
 
  - Shuming Chen and Hoi Sing Kwok, Zujin Zhao and  Ben Zhong Tang, Efficient RGBW OLEDs Based on 4, 4’-Bis (1, 2, 2-triphenylvinyl) biphenyl,  pp 1867-70, 41st  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Seattle, Wa,  May 2010.
 
Year 2009
  - Tao  Du, Lishuang Yao, Qiang Yu, Vladimir  Chigrinov, and Hoi Sing Kwok, Dual-domain  Transflective Liquid Crystal Display using TN and LTN Modes by Photoalignment  Technology, pp 406-409, 40th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Antonio, TX,  May 2009. 
 
  - Tsz-Kin  Ho, Chung-Yung Lee, Man-Chun Tseng and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Simple Single-Layer Multi-Touch Projected  Capacitive Touch Panel, pp 447-450, 40th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Antonio, TX,  May 2009. 
 
  - Shuyun  Zhao, Zhaojun Liu, Zhou Wei, Zhiguo Meng, Man Wong and Hoi Sing Kwok, Self-Release Nickel Induced Lateral  Crystallized (SR-NILC) Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Films and Thin  Film Transistors 1096-1099, 40th Society  for Information Display International Symposium, San Antonio, TX,  May 2009. 
 
  - Qiang Yu, Anatoli  Murauski, Tao Du, Lishuang Yao, Vladimir Chigrinov, and Hoi Sing Kwok, Light Printer for Optical Rewritable  Electronic Paper 1184-1186, 40th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Antonio, TX,  May 2009. 
 
  - Chung-Yung  Lee, Yuet-Wing Li and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Variable Liquid Crystal Pretilt and Azimuth Angle using Stacked  Alignment Layers 1619-1622, 40th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Antonio, TX,  May 2009. 
 
  - Lishuang  Yao, Tao Du*, Qiang Yu**, Vladimir Chigrinov, Hoi Sing Kwok, Tunable Photosensitivity of Alignment Film for  Flexible Liquid Crystal  Displays 1630-1633, 40th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, San Antonio, TX,  May 2009. 
 
  - Anatoli  Murauski, Vladimir Chigrinov and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Investigation of the Behaviors of Liquid Crystal at  the Surface under Applied Electrical Field by Reflective Measurements, pp 1644-1646, 40th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, San Antonio, TX,  May 2009. 
 
  - (Invited) Hoi-Sing Kwok and Yuet-Wing Li, Nanostructured  alignment layers and their applications, Eurodisplay  (29th international Display Research Conference), paper 7.3,  Rome, Italy, 2009. 
 
  - Anatoli Murauski, Qiang Yu, Tao Du, Lishuang Yao, Vladimir Chigrinov, and  Hoi Sing Kwok, Optimization of LC display for optical addressing of the ORW  e-paper, pp 53-4, 16th  International Display Workshops (IDW), Miyazaki, Japan, December 2009. 
 
  - L.S. Yao, A. Murauski, T. Du, Q. Yu, V. Chigrinov, and H.S. Kwok,  Flexible display for liquid crystal on bare plastic substrate with  photosensitive azodye solution, pp 1569-71, 16th  International Display Workshops (IDW), Miyazaki, Japan, December 2009. 
 
  - Tao Du, Lishuang Yao, Qiang Yu, Vladimir Chigrinov, and Hoi Sing Kwok, The Use of Photoalignment  Technology in Transflective Liquid Crystal Display, pp 1663-6, 16th International Display  Workshops (IDW), Miyazaki, Japan, December 2009.
 
Year 2008
  - Sergiy Valyukh, Vladimir Chigrinov, Hoi Sing  Kwok, A Liquid Crystal Lens with Non-uniform Anchoring Energy, 39th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Los    Angeles, CA, pp 659-662, May 2008.
 
  - Y. W. Li, L. Tan and H. S. Kwok, Field-Sequential-Color  LCDs Based on Transient Modes, 39th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Los    Angeles, CA, pp 32-5, May 2008. 
 
  - Yuet-Wing Li, Chung Yung Lee and Hoi Sing Kwok, Permanent  Bistable Twisted Nematic Displays using Bi-directional Alignment Surface, 39th Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA, pp 1026-9,  May 2008. 
 
  - Alexander Muravsky,  Anatoli Murauski, Vladimir Chigrinov, Hoi-Sing Kwok, Optical Rewritable Electronic  Paper with Fluorescent Dye Doped  Liquid Crystal, 39th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA, pp 915-8, May 2008.
 
  - Gurumurthy Hegde, Anatoli Murauski, Vladimir  Chigrinov, Hoi Sing Kwok, Oleg Yaroshchuk, Ruslan Kravchuk, Andriy Dobrovolskyy,  Alignment of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals with the Substrates Processed by Plasma-Beam Recent Developments in Photo Alignment  Technology, 39th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA, pp 1788-91,  May 2008. 
 
  - Gurumurthy Hegde, V. G. Chigrinov, H. S. Kwok,  H. Hasebe, H. Takatsu, Recent Developments in  Photo Alignment Technology: Alignment  Properties of Novel Azo Dye CD-1, 39th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA, pp 1795-7,  May 2008. 
 
  - Peizhi Xu*, Jacob Ho, Vladimir Chigrinov, and Hoi  Sing Kwok, Novel Liquid Crystal Switch Array Based on  Total Internal Reflection, 39th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA, pp 1891-3,  May 2008. 
 
  - Li Tan, Yuet-Wing Li and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Single Cell Gap Single Mode Transflective Liquid Crystal Display with High Optical Efficiency, 39th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Los    Angeles, CA, pp 1901-3, May 2008. 
 
  - Hin Yu Mak, Peizhi Xu, Tao Du, Vladimir Chigrinov, and  Hoi Sing Kwok, Photoaligned Transflective Liquid Crystal Display using Low Twist Nematic  and Electricity Controlled Birefringence Modes, 39th Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA, pp 1908-11,  May 2008. 
 
  - Xiaoming Yu, Jiaxin Sun, Xiuling Zhu, Man Wong and Hoi Sing  Kwok, Novel Electrical-Chemically Polished Stainless Steel Anode Organic Light Emission Device with Long Lifetime at High Luminance for Flexible  Lighting, 39th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Los Angeles, CA, pp 2064-6,  May 2008. 
 
  - A.D.  Kiselev, V.G. Chigrinov, H.-S. Kwok, An. Murauski, Al. Muravsky Biaxiality  Effects in Kinetics of Photoinduced Orientational Structures in Azo-Dye Films,  pp 573-6, 15th  International Display Workshops (IDW), Niigata, Japan,  December 2008. 
 
  - Vladimir  Chigrinov, Hoi Sing Kwok, Hiroshi Hasebe, Haruyoshi Takatsu Photo-Aligning and  Photo-Patterning by Photosensitive Azo-Dye Layers, pp 349-52, 15th International Display Workshops  (IDW),Niigata,  Japan, December 2008. 
 
  - Tao  Du, Hin Yu Mak, Peizhi Xu, Vladimir Chigrinov, and Hoi Sing Kwok Single Cell  Gap single mode TN Transflective Liquid Crystal Display, pp 387-90, 15th International Display  Workshops (IDW), Niigata, Japan, December 2008. 
 
  - Tao  Du, Hin Yu Mak, Peizhi Xu, Vladimir Chigrinov, and Hoi Sing Kwok, Multi-domain Transflective  Liquid Crystal Display using LTN and  ECB Modes by Photoalignment technology, pp 407-10, 15th International Display  Workshops (IDW), Niigata, Japan,  December 2008. 
 
  - Gurumurthy  Hegde, Tao Du, V.G.Chigrinov and H.S.Kwok, Investigation of Photo Alignment Properties  on New Azo Dyes and Applications,  pp 571-4, 15th  International Display Workshops (IDW), Niigata, Japan,  December 2008. 
 
  - Gurumurthy  Hegde, M. R.Lutfor, V.G.Chigrinov and H.S.Kwok Photoisomeriation Studies on  Disc Shaped Azo Dyes: Characteristic Properties and Applications, pp 569-72, 15th International Display  Workshops (IDW), Niigata, Japan, December 2008. 
 
  - Y.  Kuwana, H. Hasebe, I. Nishiyama, K. Takeuchi,  H. Takatsu, V. Chigrinov and H. S. Kwok, Optimization of Photo-Alignment Layer Suitable for Plastic Substrates, pp 1503-6, 15th International Display  Workshops (IDW), Niigata, Japan,  December 2008. 
 
  - O.  Yaroshchuk, R. Kravchuk, O. Parri, V. Chigrinov and H.S. Kwok, Patterned Retarders and  Polarizers Based on Reactive Mesogens Aligned by Plasma Beam, pp 1855-8, 15th International Display  Workshops (IDW), Niigata, Japan,  December 2008.
 
Year 2007
  - Yongqiang Dong, Jacky Wing Yip Lam, Anjun Qin, Zhen Li, Jiaxin Sun, Hoi  Sing Kwok and Ben Zhong Tang  Aggregation-induced emission, SPIE Proceedings, vol 6333, pp  1D1-10, 2007. 
 
  - V. G. Chigrinov, H. S.  Kwok, Hirokazu Takada and Haruyoshi Takatsu, Liquit Crystal Photo-aligning by  Azo-dyes, Asia Display 2007, Shanghai, China, pp 29, Mar. 2007. 
 
  - Peizhi Xu, H. Y. Mak,  Alexander Muravsky, Xihua Li, Vladimir Chigrinov and Hoi Sing Kwok, Novel  Transflective LCD Based on Patterned Polarizer Using Photoalignment Technique, Asia  Display 2007, Shanghai, China, pp 58-62, Mar. 2007. 
 
  - Fion S. Y. Yeung, Li Tan,  Y. W. Li, Jacob Ho, K. K. Li and H. S. Kwok, Color-filterless Time Sequential  No-bias-bend LCD, Asia Display 2007, Shanghai, China,  pp 332-334, Mar. 2007. 
 
  - Shuyun Zhao, Zhiguo Meng,  Bo Zhang, Man Wong and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Defined-grain Polycrystalline Thin Film  Transistors, Asia Display 2007, Shanghai, China, pp 523-527, Mar.  2007. 
 
  - X. L. Zhu, J. X. Sun, X.  M. Yu, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok, High-performance Top-emitting White Organic  Light-emitting Devices, Asia Display 2007, Shanghai, China, pp  1346-1350, Mar. 2007. 
 
  - J. X. Sun, X. L. Zhu, X.  M. Yu, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok, Improved Performance of Alq3-based  Organic Light-emitting Diode with Multi-layer Structure, Asia Display  2007, Shanghai, China, pp 1425-1428, Mar. 2007. 
 
  - X. L. Zhu, J. X. Sun, X.  M. Yu, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok, Investigation of Al- and Ag-Based Top-emitting  Organic Light-emitting Diodes with Metal Oxides as Hole-injection Layer, Asia  Display 2007, Shanghai, China, pp 1429-1433, Mar. 2007. 
 
  - J. X. Sun, X. L. Zhu, X.  M. Yu, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok, Highly Efficient Electrophosphorescent Organic  Light-emitting Diodes with Double-emission Layers, Asia Display 2007,  Shanghai, China, pp 1554-1558, Mar. 2007. 
 
  - Chunya Wu, Xuedong Li, Shuyun Zhao, Juan Li, Zhiguo  Meng, Man Wong, Hoi Sing Kwok and Shaozhen Xiong, Solutio-based Metal Induced  Crystallization of a-Si, Asia Display 2007, Shanghai,  China, pp 812-817, Mar. 2007. 
 
  - H. C. Huang, K. Y. Leung, and H. S. Kwok, B. L. Zhang and Y. C. Chen, Single-Panel  Spatial-Color and Sequential-Color LCOS Projectors Using LED Lamps, 38th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA, pp 903-906, May  2007.
 
  - Peizhi Xu, Hin Yu Mak, Alexander Muravsky,  Xihua Li, Vladimir Chigrinov and Hoi Sing Kwok, Photoaligned  Transflective Liquid Crystal Display with Single Cell Gap using OCB and Low  Twist Nematic Modes, 38th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA,  pp 717-720, May 2007. 
 
  - Anatoli Murauski, Svetlana Serdechnaya, and  Hoi-Sing Kwok, Real-Time Simulation Software for Electro-Optical Calculation of LC  Cells, 38th Society for  Information Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA,  pp 702-705, May 2007.
 
  - Fion S. Y. Yeung, Yuet-Wing Li, Li Tan, Jacob Y. L.  Ho, Kuen-Kuen Li, Wai-Shan Cheung,and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Sequential  Color LCD Using No-Bias Bend Mode, 38th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA,  pp 677-679, May 2007.
 
  - Oleg Yaroshchuk and Leonid Dolgov, Jacob Ho, Hoi  Sing Kwok, and Vladimir Chigrinov, Haruyoshi Takatsu and Hiroshi Hasebe, O Films with Variable Tilt of Optical Axis for Display Application, 38th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA, pp 641-644, May  2007.
 
  - Li Tan, Fion S.-Y. Yeung, Leo T.-K. Ho, Yuet-Wing Li, Kuen-Kuen Li, and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Fast  Response Reflective NBB Display and its Application to LCOS, 38th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA, pp 611-613, May  2007. 
 
  - Shuyun Zhao, Zhiguo Meng, Xuedong Li, Bo  Zhang, Zhaojun Liu, Man Wong, and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Metal Induced Continuous  Zonal Domain Polycrystalline Silicon and Thin Film Transistors, 38th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA, pp 233-236, May  2007. 
 
  - Hin-Yu Mak, Peizhi Xu, Xihua Li, Vladimir  Chigrinov, and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Novel Single Cell Gap Transflective Liquid  Crystal Display Without Sub Pixels Separation, 38th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA,  pp 1655-1658, May 2007. 
 
  - Distinguished Student Paper: Yuet-Wing Li, Li Tan, Fion Sze-Yan Yeung, and  Hoi-Sing Kwok, Passive-Matrix-Driven Field-Sequential-Color LCD, 38th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA, pp 154-157, May  2007. 
 
  - Vladimir Chigrinov and Hoi Sing Kwok, Hirokazu  Takada, Haruyoshi Takatsu, and Hiroshi Hasebe, Azo-Dye  Alignment for Displays and Photonics, 38th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA,  pp 1474-1477, May 2007. 
 
  - Hoi-Sing Kwok, Xing-Jie Yu, and Yeuk-Lung Ho, Extremely  Broadband Retardation Films, 38th  Society for Information Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA,  pp 1390-1392, May 2007. 
 
  - Invited Paper: E. P. Pozhidaev, M. V. Minschenko, O. A. Shadura,  A. L. Andreev, and I. N. Kompanets, V. G. Chigrinov and H. S. Kwok, Stability of  Hysteresis-Free Passively Adressed FLC Display with Inherent Gray Scale, 38th Society for Information  Display International Symposium, Long Beach, CA, pp 1078-1081,  May 2007. 
 
  - B. Zhang, Z. G. Meng, S. Y. Zhao, M. Wong and  H. S. Kwok, Performance  Improvement of Poly-Si TFTs Under Reduced Thermal Activation Temperature, pp 1849-1852, 14th International Display  Workshops (IDW), Sapporo, Japan, December 2007. 
 
  - A. Muravsky, A. Murauski, V.  Chigrinov and H.S. Kwok, Novel  Optical Rewritable Electronic Paper pp 273-276, 14th International Display Workshops (IDW), Sapporo, Japan, December 2007. 
 
  - Peizhi Xu, Hin Yu Mak, Vladimir Chigrinov, Hoi  Sing Kwok, Novel  Single Cell Gap Single Mode Transflective display based on HAN cell pp 1519-1522, 14th International Display  Workshops (IDW), Sapporo, Japan, December 2007. 
 
  - Hin-Yu Mak, Peizhi Xu, Xihua Li, Vladimir  Chigrinov, Hoi-Sing Kwok, Optimized  single cell gap transflective liquid crystal display without sub pixels  separation,  pp 1523-1526, 14th  International Display Workshops (IDW), Sapporo, Japan, December  2007. 
 
  - E. P. Pozhidaev,  V.G.Chigrinov, Gurumurthy Hegde, Peizhi Xu,
 
  - H. S. Kwok, Electro-Optical Modes of  Multistable Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display Cells, pp 1589-1592, 14th International Display  Workshops (IDW), Sapporo, Japan, December 2007. 
 
  - O. Yaroshchuk, H.  Gurumurthy, V.G. Chigrinov, H.S.Kwok, H. Hasebe and H. Takatsu, Photoalignment Properties of  Brilliant Yellow Dye, pp 1665-1668, 14th International Display Workshops (IDW), Sapporo, Japan, December  2007. 
 
  - Y. Kuwana, H. Hasebe, O.  Yamazaki, K. Takeuchi, H. Takatsu, V. Chigrinov and H. S. Kwok Optimization of  Photo-alignment Layer for In-cell Retarder, pp 1673-1676, 14th International Display Workshops (IDW), Sapporo, Japan, December 2007. 
 
  - Vladimir Chigrinov, Hoi Sing Kwok, Hiroshi Hasebe,  Haruyoshi Takatsu, Hirokazu Takada, LCD Photoalignment: What is Next?, pp 387-390, 14th International Display  Workshops (IDW),Sapporo, Japan, December 2007.
 
Year 2006
  - Fion S. Y. Yeung, Y. W.
    Li, H. L. Cheung, K. K. Li and H. S. Kwok, Recent Progress in New
    Alignment Layers and Its Applications, The
    13th International Display Workshops (IDW'06), pp. -   (Dec, 2006).
 
  - Y. W. Li, F. S. Y. Yeung, L. Tan, J. Y. L. Ho and H. S. Kwok, Pretilt
    Angle Measurement Using PEM, The 13th International Display Workshops
    (IDW'06), pp. -   (Dec, 2006).
 
  - 李娟, 吴春亞, 孟志國, 熊紹珍, 微晶硅TFT穩定性的研究, 物理學報, 已接收,於2006年12期發表(SCI收錄期刊)
 
  - Zhiguo Meng, Shuyun Zhao, Chunya Wu,
    
    Bo Zhang,
    
    Man Wong and Hoi-Sing
    Kwok, Polycrystalline Silicon
    Films and Thin-Film Transistors Using Solution-Based Metal-Induced
    Crystallization, Journal of
    Display Technology, Vol.2, No. 3, pp.265-273 (Sep, 2006).
 
  - 孟志國, 郭海成, 吳春亞, 王文, 熊紹珍, 125mm 彩色AMOLED的多晶硅TFT基板, 半導體學報, 第27卷, 第8期, 110-115頁, 2006年8月。
 
  - 李娟, 吳春亞, 孟志國, 熊紹珍, 底栅微晶硅薄膜晶體管研究, 半導體學報2006 6(26),(EI收錄)
 
  - Shuyun Zhao, Zhiguo Meng, Chunya Wu, Shaozhen Xiong,
    
    Man Wong,and Hoi Sing Kwok, Solution-Based Metal Induced
    Crystallized Polycrystalline Silicon Films and Thin-Film Transistors, International Conference on Optical and Optolectronic Properties of Materials and
    Applications(ICOOPMA 2006), (July, 2006)
 
  - J. X. Sun, X. L. Zhu, X. M. Yu, H.
    J. Peng, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok, Improving the Performance of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
    Containing BCP/LiF/Al by Thermal Annealing, Journal of Display Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 138-142
    (Jun, 2006).
 
  - Zhiguo Meng,
    
    Dongli Zhang, Chunya Wu,
    
    Bo Zhang, Hoi-Sing Kwok and
    
    Man Wong, Post-Crystallization of Metal-Induced
    Laterally Crystalized Poly-Si with YAG Laser, 2006 SID International Symposium Digest of
    Technical Papers,
    pp.227-230  (June, 2006).
 
  - Fion S. Y. Yeung, Y. W. Li and H. S. Kwok, Large-Cell-Gap Bistable TN-LCD Based
    on Dual-Frequency Operation, 2006 SID International Symposium
    Digest of Technical Papers,
    pp.687-690 (June, 2006).
 
  - 
    Xihua Li, Ping
    Tong Au,
    
    Peizhi Xu,
    Alexander Muravsky, Anatoli Muravsky, Zhijian Liu,
    
    Vladimir Chigrinov and Hoi Sing Kwok, Flexible Photoaligned Optically
    Rewritable LC display, 2006 SID
    International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp.783-785 (June,
    2006). 
 
  - H. Y. Mak and V. Chigrinov, Transflective Double Cell TN Liquid Crystal Display, 2006 SID International Symposium
    Digest of Technical Papers,
    pp.798-801 (June, 2006).
 
  - 
    Peizhi Xu,
    
    Xihua Li, Anatoli Muravski,
    
    Vladimir Chigrinov and Sergiy Valyukh, Photoaligned Bistable FLC Displays
    with Birefringent Color Switching, 2006 SID International Symposium Digest
    of Technical Papers, pp.854-856 (June, 2006).
 
  - 
    Xihua Li, Anatoli Muravsky, Alexander Muravsky, Hon Lung Cheung,
    
    Peizhi Xu, Eugene Pozhidaev and
    
    Vladimir Chigrinov, New Results on Bistable Photoaligned Ferroelecric LCDs: Grey
    Scale Generation, Stabilization and Passive Driving Scheme, 2006 SID International Symposium Digest
    of Technical Papers, pp. 883-886 (June, 2006).
 
  - J. X. Sun, X. L.
    Zhu, Z. G. Meng, X. M. Yu, M. Wong and H. S.
    Kwok,  An Efficient Stacked OLED
    with Double-Sided Light Emission, 2006 SID International Symposium Digest of
    Technical Papers, pp. 1193-1196
    (June, 2006).
 
  - V. G. Chigrinov,
    H. S. Kwok, Hirokazu Takada and Haruyoshi Takatsu, New Developments in Liquid Crystal
    Photo-Aligning by Azo-Dyes, 2006 SID International Symposium Digest
    of Technical Papers, pp. 1253-1256 (June, 2006).
 
  - X. L. Zhu, J. X.
    Sun, X. M. Yu, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok,  Very Bright and Efficient
    Top-Emitting OLED with Ultra-Thin Yb as
    Effective Electron Injector, 2006 SID International Symposium
    Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 1292-1295 (June, 2006).
 
  - B. L. Zhang, H. S.
    Kwok, H. C. Huang and Y. C. Chen,  Optical Analysis of Vertical
    Aligned Mode on Color Filter Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon Microdisplay, 2006
    SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 1435-1438 (June, 2006).
 
  - Hoi-Sing
    Kwok, Fion S. Y. Yeung and Y. W. Li, Bistable LCDs based
    on a New Alignment Technology, 2006 SID International Symposium
    Digest of Technical Papers,
    pp.1622-1625 (June, 2006).
 
  - Fion Sze-Yan Yeung, Feng-Chao Xie,
    
    Jones Tsz-Kai Wan, Fuk Kay Lee, Ophelia K. C. Tsui,
    Ping Sheng and Hoi-Sing Kwok,  Liquid crystal pretilt angle
      control using nanotextured surfaces, Journal of Applied Physics, 99, 124506 (Jun,
  2006). 
 
  - 2006年3月, 中國教育部科6項研成果鑒定:  
 
  - 1. 簡化流程的AMOLED基板―成果獲得者︰孟志國、郭海城、吳春亞、王   文、熊紹珍 
    2. 多晶硅OLED象素電極與簡化流程的SOP-AMOLED基板―成果獲得者︰孟志國、郭海成、王  文、孫家鑫、朱秀玲、吳春亞、熊紹珍 
    3. 溶液法製備碟形大晶粒MIC多晶硅薄膜技術―成果獲得者︰吳春亞、郭海成、王   文、孟志國、熊紹珍、趙淑雲、李娟 
    4.  YAG倍頻鐳射退火MILC-TFT技術―成果獲得者︰孟志國、郭海城、王  文、吳春亞、熊紹珍 
    5. P-MOS 多晶硅電路-成果獲得者︰吳春亞、郭海城、孟志國、王   文、熊紹珍 
  6. PSG動態鎳吸除技術-成果獲得者︰孟志國、王   文、郭海成、熊紹珍、吳春亞  
  - S. T.
    Tang and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Characteristic
    Parameters of Liquid Crystal Cells and Their Measurements, Journal of Display Technology, Vol.
    2, No. 1, pp. 26-31 (Mar, 2006). 
 
  - 趙淑雲,吳春亞,李娟,刘建平, 张晓丹,孟志國,熊绍珍, 化學源金屬誘導多晶硅研究, 物理学报, Vol.55, pp825-829, (2006).     (SCI收錄期刊)。
 
  - Huajun Peng,
    
    Jiaxin Sun,
    
    Xiuling Zhu,
    
    Xiaoming Yu,
    
    Man Wong and Hoi-Sing
    Kwok, High-efficiency microcavity top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes
  using silver anode, Applied Physics Letters, 88, 073517 (Feb, 2006).
 
  - Fion S. Y. Yeung and H. S.
    Kwok,  Fast-Response No-Bias-Bend Liquid
      Crystal Displays Using Nano-structured Surfaces, Applied Physics Letters, 88, 063505 (Feb,
        2006). 
 
  - Fion S. Y. Yeung, Jacob Y.
    Ho, Y. W. Li, Feng-Chao Xie, Olphelia Tsui, Ping Sheng and Hoi-Sing Kwok,  Variable Liquid Crystal Pretilt
    Angles by Nano-Structured Surfaces, Applied Physics Letters, 88, 051910 (Jan, 2006). 
 
  - Fion S. Y. Yeung, Y. W. Li
    and H. S. Kwok,  Pi-cell Liquid Crystal Displays at
    Arbitrary Pretilt Angles,
    Applied Physics Letters, 88, 041108 (Jan, 2006).
 
  - H. J. Peng, X. L. Zhu,
    J. X. Sun, X. M. Yu, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok, Efficiency improvement of
    phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using semitransparent Ag as
    anode, Applied Physics Letters, 88, 033509 (Jan, 2006).
 
  - 
    Xihua Li, Vladimir M. Kozenkov, Fion S. Y. Yeung,
    
    Peizhi Xu, Vladimir G. Chigrinov and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Liquid
    Crystal Photoalignment by Super Thin Azo Dye
    Layer, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1 45, 203 (Jan, 2006) 
 
Year 2005
  -          Jesper Osterman, Kent 
    Skarp, Au Ping Tong, Andrey Zhukov, Vladimir Chigrinov and Hoi Sing Kwok,  Mechanically Stabilized Bistable FLC Cells on Plastic Substrates, 
    Eurodisplay 2005, pp.136-139 (Sept, 2005)
 
  -          Fion Sze Yan Yeung, 
    Feng Chao Xie, Hoi Sing Kwok, Jones Wan, Olphelia Tsui and Ping Sheng,  New Results on Nano-Textured Surfaces Alignment Layers, Eurodisplay 2005, 
    pp. 514-516 (Sept, 2005)
 
  -          E. P. Pozhidaev, V. 
    G. Chigrinov, Li Xihua and H. S. Kwok,  Photo-aligned Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display with Memorized Gray Scale, 
    Eurodisplay 2005, pp. 517-520 (Sept, 2005)
 
  -          Xihua Li, Fion 
    Sze-Yan Yeung, Vladimir Kozenkov, Pazi Xu, Vladimir. G. Chigrinov and Hoi Sing 
    Kwok,  LC Display Cell Photo-alignment by a Super-thin Azo-dye Layer, Eurodisplay 
    2005, pp. 246-248 (Sept, 2005)
 
  -          J. X. Sun, X. L. Zhu, 
    H. J. Peng, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok,  Bright and Efficient Stacked White Organic Light-emitting Diodes, 
    Eurodisplay 2005, pp. 397-399 (Sept, 2005)
 
  -           A. A. Murauski, V. G. Chigrinov and A. A. Muravsky,  Determination of LC polar-Anchoring Energy by Electrical Measurement, 
    2005 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 54-57  (May, 
    2005)
 
  -           D. A. Yakovlev, V. I. Tosy, V.G. Chigrinov,  Advanced Tools for Modeling of 2D-Optics of LCDs,  2005 SID International Symposium 
    Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 58-61  (May, 2005)
 
  -           H. J. Peng, X. L. Zhu, J. X. Sun, X. M. Yu, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok,  High Efficiency Electrophosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes using 
    Semitransparent Ag as Anode,  2005 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 
      1066-1069  (May, 2005).
 
  -           Fion Sze-Yan Yeung, F.-C. Xie, H. -S. Kwok, Jones Wan, Ophelia Tsui and Ping 
    Sheng,  High Pretilt Angles by Nano-Structured Surface and their Applications, 2005 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 
      1080-1083  (May, 2005).
 
  -          B. L. Zhang, H. J. 
    Peng, H. C. Huang and H. S. Kwok,  Three-Dimensional Optical Analyses of Fringing Effect in Small Color Pixels, 
    2005 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 1302-1305  
    (May, 2005).
 
  -          Fion Sze-Yan Yeung, 
    Yuet-Wing Li, and Hoi-Sing Kwok,  Dual-Frequency Bistable Bend-Splay LCDs, 2005 SID International Symposium 
    Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 1770-1773  (May, 2005)
 
  -          Zhiguo meng, Xuejie 
    Shi, Hoi Sing Kwok and Man Wong,  Peripherally Crystallized Polycrystalline Silicon (PCP) for Thin-Film 
      Transistors, 2005 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 
    pp. 224-227 (May, 2005)
 
  -          S. Valyukh, J. 
    Osterman, K. Skarp and V. Chigrinov,  Optical Performance of Bistable Reflective and transflective Ferroelectric LCDs, 
    2005 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 702-705 (May, 
    2005)
 
  -          Jesper Osterman, 
    Christian Adas, Louise Madsen, Kent Skarp, Au Ping Tong, Li Xihua and Vladimir 
    Chigrinov,  Properties of Azo-Dye Alignment Layer on Plastic Substrates, 2005 SID 
    International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 772-775 (May, 2005)
 
  -          Xiuling Zhu, Jiaxin 
    Sun, Huajun Peng, Man Wong and Hoi-Sing Kwok,  Inverted Top-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Devices Using Vanadium Pentoxide as 
      Anode Buffer Layer, 2005 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical 
    Papers, pp. 793-795 (May, 2005)
 
  -          J. X. Sun, X. L. Zhu, 
    H. J. Peng, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok,  Highly Efficient Stacked OLED Employing New Anode-Cathode Layer, 2005 SID 
    International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 797-799 (May, 2005)
 
  -          H. C. Huang, B. L. 
    Zhang, H. S. Kwok, P. W. Cheng and Y. C. Chen,  Color Filter Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon Microdisplays, 2005 SID International 
    Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 880-883 (May, 2005)
 
  -          S. T. Tan, B. J. 
    Chen, X. W. Sun, W. J. Fan, X. H. Zhang and S. J. Chua and H. S. 
    Kwok,  Blueshift of optical band gap in ZnO thin films grown by  metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition, Journal of Applied Physics, 98, 
    013505 (2005) (5 pages)
 
  -            Anatoli Murauski,  Vladimir Chigrinov,  Alexander Muravsky,  Fion Sze-Yan Yeung,  Jacob Ho, and  Hoi-Sing Kwok,   Determination of liquid-crystal polar anchoring energy by electrical 
    measurements, Physical Review E 71, 061707 (2005).
 
  -          Ailing Zhang,  Kam 
    Tai Chan, M. S. Demokan, Andy H. P. Chan, Victor W. C. Chan, Philip 
    C. H. Chan, and Hoi S. Kwok,  Integrated liquid crystal optical switch based on total internal 
      reflection, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 211108 (2005).
 
  -            Dmitriy Yakovlev,  Vladimir Chigrinov, 
    and  Hoi Sing Kwok,   A novel approach to LCD optimization, 
      Journal of the Society for Information Display, April 2005, Volume 13, Issue 4, 
      pp. 301-304.
 
  -          Baolong Zhang, KuenKuen 
    Li, Vladimir G. Chigrinov, Hoi-Sing Kwok and Ho-Chi Huang,  Application of Photoalignment Technology to Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon 
      Microdisplays, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 44, No. 6A, 2005, 
    pp. 3983-3991.
 
  -          Dan Ding Huang, 
    Vladimir Kozenkov, Vladimir Chigrinov, Hoi Sing Kwok, Hirokazu Takada and 
    Haruyoshi Takatsu,  Novel Photoaligned Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell, Japanese Journal of 
    Applied Physics Vol. 44, No. 7A, 2005, pp. 5117-5118
 
Year 2004
  - H. S. Kwok, H. J. 
    Peng, Y. L. Ho and X. J. Yu,  Enhanced coupling of light from OLED based on nanoporous substrates, 
    Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 5214, pp. 260-267 (Feb, 2004) 
 
  - H. J. Peng, C.F. Qiu, 
    Z. L. Xie, H. Y. Chen, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok,  Optical Simulation of Top-emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes, 
      ASID 2004, pp. 331-334  (Feb, 2004)
 
  - Chengfeng Qiu, Huajun 
    Peng, Haiyng Chen, Zhilang Xie, Man Wong and Hoi-Sing Kwok,  Top-emitting Organic Light-Emitting Diode with a Cap Layer, ASID 2004, pp. 
    352-354 (Feb, 2004)
 
  - Haiying Chen, 
    Chengfeng Qiu, Huajun Peng, Zhilang Xie, Man Wong and H. S. Kwok,  Co-sputtered Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film as Transparent Anode for 
      Organic Light-emitting Diodes, ASID 2004, pp. 489-492 (Feb, 2004)
 
  - Zhiguo Meng, Huajun 
    Peng, Chunya Wu, Chengfeng Qiu, Kuen Kuen Li, Man Wong and Hoi Sing Kwok,  Room-temperature deposition of thin-film indium tin oxide on micro-fabricated 
      color filters and its app. lication to flat-panel displays, Journal of the 
    Society for Information Display, Vol. 12, Issue 1, pp. 113-118 (Mar, 2004)
 
  - H. J. Peng, Y. L. Ho, X. J. Yu and H. S. Kwok,  Enhanced coupling of light from organic light emitting diodes using nanoporous 
    films, Journal of App. 
      lied Physics, Vol.96, pp. 1649-1654  (Apr, 2004)
 
  - H. J. Peng, Y. L. Ho, C. F. Qiu, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok,  Coupling Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Light Emitting Devices with 
    Refractive Microlens Array on High Index Glass Substrate, 
      2004 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 158-161  (May, 
      2004) 
 
  -  X. J. Yu and H. S. Kwok,    Bistable Bend-Splay LCD, 
    2004 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 875-877  (May, 
    2004)
 
  - Fion S. Y. Yeung and H. S. Kwok,  Photoaligned Transmissive Bistable TN-LCD, 2004 SID International Symposium 
    Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 878-881  (May, 2004) 
 
  - V. G. Chigrinov and 
    H. S. Kwok,  LCD Optimization and Modeling, 2004 SID International Symposium Digest of 
    Technical Papers, pp. 982-985  (May, 2004)
 
  - Chunya Wu, Zhiguo Meng, Juan Li, 
    Xiaodan Zhang, Guanghua Yang, Shaozhen Xiong, Xuejie Shi, Huajun Peng, Man Wong, 
    Hoi S. Kwok, Sheng Yin, Deqiang Zhang, Tiepeng Sun, Liduo Wang and Yong Qiu,  A 2.1-inch AMOLED Display Based on Metal-Induced Laterally Crystallized 
      Polycrystalline Silicon Technology, 2004 SID International Symposium Digest 
    of Technical Papers, pp. 1128-1131  (May, 2004)
 
  - D.D. Huang, V.G. 
    Chigrinov, H.S. Kwok,    Optimization of Photo-Aligned Asymmetric Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display 
      Performance: Effect of Planar Layer ,  2004 SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 
        1164-1167  (May, 2004)
 
  - Chengfeng Qiu, Huajun Peng, Zhiliang Xie, Haiying Chen, Man Wong and Hoi-Sing 
    Kwok ,  Very Bright and Efficient Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diode with Hole 
      Transport Layer Deposited under Relatively High Pressure, 2004 SID 
      International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 678-681  (May, 2004)
 
  - Chengfeng Qiu, Huajun Peng, Haiying Chen, Zhiliang Xie, Man Wong and Hoi Sing 
    Kwok,  Top-Emitting OLED Using Praseodymium Oxide Coated Platinum as Hole Injectors, 
    IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 51, No. 7, pp. 1208-1210 (July, 
    2004) 
 
  -  X. J. Yu and H. S. Kwok,    Bistable Bend-Splay Liquid Crystal Display, 
    App. lied Physics Letter, Vol.85, pp. 3711-3713  (Aug, 2004)
 
  - S. A. Studentsov, V. 
    A. Brezhnev, B. I. Gorfinkel, N. D. Zhukov, V. G. Chigrinov and H. S. Kwok,  Low Power LC Shutter with High Contrast Ratio and Fast Response Time, The 11th International Display Workshops (IDW04), pp.  87-90 (Dec, 2004)
 
  - Y. W. Li, Fion S. Y. 
    Yeung and H. S. Kwok,  Photoaligned Large Cell Gap Permanent Grayscale in Bistable TN Liquid Crystal 
      Display, The 11th International Display Workshops (IDW04), pp.  
    141-144 (Dec, 2004)
 
  - D. D. Huang, V. M. Kozenkov, V. G. Chigrinov, H. S. Kwok, H. Takada and H. 
    Takatsu,  Novel Photo-Aligned Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell, The 11th International Display Workshops (IDW04), pp.  191-194 (Dec, 
      2004) 
 
  - Z. L. Xie, J. W. Y. 
    Lam, H. J. Peng, M. Wong, B. Z. Tang, and H. S. Kwok,  Red Electrophosphorescence from Polyacetylene-Based Light Emitting Diodes, 
    The 11th International Display Workshops (IDW04), pp.  1311-1314 
    (Dec, 2004)
 
  - Chengfeng Qiu, 
    Zhiliang Xie, Haiying Chen, Tang, B.Z., Man Wong, Hoi-Sing Kwok,   Polymer electrophosphorescent light-emitting diode using aluminum 
      bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato) 4-phenylphenolate as an electron-transport layer, 
    Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of Volume 10,  Issue 1,  
    Jan.-Feb. 2004 Page(s):101 V 106
 
  - Haiying Chen, Junwu 
    Chen, Chengfeng Qiu, Tang, B.Z., Man Wong and Hoi-Sing Kwok,   Blue organic light-emitting diode based on 
      1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenyl-1-(8-phenyl-1,7-octadiynyl)silole, Selected Topics 
    in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of Volume 10,  Issue 1,  Jan.-Feb. 2004 
    Page(s):10 V 15 
 
  -    Z T Liu,  H S Kwok and  A B Djurisic,   The optical functions of metal phthalocyanines, Journal of Physics D: 
    Applied Physics 37, 2004, pp678-688
 
  - Fuk Kay Lee, Baoshe Zhang, Ping Sheng, Ophelia K. 
    C. Tsui and Hoi Sing Kwok,  Continuous liquid crystal pretilt control through textured substrates, 
    Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 85, No. 23, pp. 5556�V5558, 6 December 2004.
 
  -  D. D. Huang,  E. P. Pozhidaev,  V. G. Chigrinov, 
    and  H. S. Kwok,  Optimization of photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid-crystal display under 
      passively addressed driving, Journal of the Society for Information Display, 
    December 2004, Volume 12, Issue 4, pp. 455-459 
 
  -    Vladimir Chigrinov,  Sergey Pikin,  Andrey Verevochnikov,  Vladimir Kozenkov,  Maxim Khazimullin,  Jacob Ho,  Dan Ding Huang, 
    and  Hoi-Sing Kwok,  Diffusion model of photoaligning in azo-dye layers, Phys. Rev. E 69, 061713 
    (2004). 
 
  -    Vladimir Chigrinov,  Hoi Sing Kwok,  Dmitry Yakovlev,  Georgy Simonenko, 
    and  Valery Tsoi, LCD optimization and modeling, Journal of the Society for Information 
    Display, June 2004, Volume 12, Issue 2, pp. 183-187.
 
  -   Vladimir Chigrinov,  Elena Prudnikova,  Kwan Wah Ng,  Alexander Drushlyak, 
    and  Hoi Sing Kwok,   An Unusual Effect of Liquid Crystal Host on the Absorption Properties of 
      "Guest-Host" Mixture, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: 
    Regular Papers, Short Notes & Review Papers, March 2004, Volume 43, Issue 3, pp. 
    1100-1101.
 
  - Viktor Konovalov,  Vladimir Chigrinov,  Hoi Sing Kwok,  Hirokazu Takada, 
    and  Haruyoshi Takatsu,   Photoaligned Vertical Aligned Nematic Mode in Liquid Crystals, Japanese 
    Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers, Short Notes & Review Papers, 
    January 2004, Volume 43, Issue 1, pp. 261-266 
 
  - Eugene Pozhidaev, 
    Vladimir Chigrinov, Danding Huang, Andrei Zhukov, Jacob Ho and Hoi Sing Kwok,  Photoalignment of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals by Azodye Layers,  Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 
      Vol. 43, No. 8A, 2004, pp. 5440-5446.
 
Year 2003
  - Haiying Chen, Chengfeng Qiu, Man 
    Wong, and Hoi Sing Kwok, DC Sputtered Indium-Tin Oxide Transparent Cathode for Organic Light-Emitting Diode, 
      IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, VOL. 24, NO. 5, MAY 2003, pp 315-317
 
  - Chengfeng Qiu, Zhilang Xie, Haiying Chen, Man 
    Wong,a) and Hoi Sing Kwok, Comparative 
      study of metal or oxide capped indium¡Vtin oxide anodes for 
        organic light-emitting diodes, JOURNAL 
          OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 93, NUMBER 6 15 MARCH 2003, 
            pp 3253-3257
 
  - X. J. Yu and H. S. Kwok, Optical 
    wire-grid polarizers at oblique angles of incidence, JOURNAL 
      OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 93, NUMBER 8 15 APRIL 2003, 
        pp4407-4412
 
  - Vladimir CHIGRINOV, Elena 
    PRUDNIKOVA, 
      Kwan Wah NG and Hoi Sing KWOK, Non 
        Polarizer Guest¡VHost mode based on Dyes with Negative Dichroism, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 42 (2003) pp. 1297¡V1300
 
  - Ying Zhou, Guangjie Zeng, Feihong Yu, H. S. 
    Kwok, Study 
      on optical finite impulse response filter, Opt. Eng. 42(8), (August 
    2003), pp 2318¡V2323
 
  - Baoshe Zhang,  Ping Sheng, and 
    Hoi S. Kwok, Optical 
      measurement of azimuthal anchoring strength in nematic liquid crystals, 
    PHYSICAL REVIEW E 67, 2003 pp 041713-9
 
  - Vladimir Chigrinov, Anatoli Muravski, 
    Hoi Sing Kwok, Hirokazu Takada, Hidenari Akiyama, and Haruyoshi Takatsu, Anchoring 
      properties of photoaligned azo-dye materials, PHYSICAL REVIEW E 68,2003, 
    pp 061702-6
 
  - E. P. Pozhidaev, D. D. Huang, V. G. 
    Chigrinov, Y. L. Ho, H. S. Kwok, Photo-Aligned 
      Passively Addressed Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display Cells: 
        Effect of Aligning Layer Thickness, SID 03 DIGEST, 
          pp 1280-1283
 
  - Haiying Chen1, 
    Junwu Chen, Chengfeng Qiu, Benzhong Tang, Man Wong and 
      Hoi-Sing Kwok, Efficient 
        and Bright OLED based on Hexaphenylsilole, SID 03 DIGEST, 
          pp509-511
 
  - Zhiliang Xie, Chengfeng Qiu, Haiying Chen, 
    Benzhong Tang, Man Wong, and Hoi-Sing 
      Kwok, High 
        Efficiency Polymer-Based Electrophosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diode, SID 03 DIGEST, pp512-515
 
  - H. J. Peng, M. Wong 
    and H. S. Kwok, Design 
      and Characterization of Organic Light Emitting Diodes with 
      Microcavity Structure, SID 
        03 DIGEST, pp516-520
 
  - Hirokazu 
    Takada, Hidenari Akiyama, and Haruyoshi Takatsu, Vladimir Chigrinov, Elena 
    Prudnikova, Vladimir Kozenkov, and Hoi Sing Kwok, Aligning 
      Layers Using Azo Dye Derivatives for Liquid Crystal Devices, SID 03 DIGEST, 
        pp620-623
 
  - X. J. Yu and H. S. Kwok, Application 
    and Optimized Design of Wire-Grid Polarizers, SID 03 DIGEST, 
      pp878-881
 
  - Chengfeng Qiu, Huajun Peng, Haiying Chen, 
    Zhilang Xie, Man 
      Wong and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Top-emitting 
        Organic Light-Emitting Diode using Nanometer Platinum Layers as Hole Injector,  SID 03 DIGEST, 
          pp974-977
 
Year 2002
  - Dan-Ding Huang, Xing-Jie Yu, Ho-Chi Huang, and Hoi-Sing    
    Kwok, Design of polarizing color filters with double-liquid-crystal cells,    
      APPLIED OPTICS, Vol. 41, No. 22, pp 4638-4644, 1 August 2002
 
  - Chengfeng Qiu, Haiying Chen, Zhiliang Xie, Man Wong, and      
    Hoi Sing Kwok, Praseodymium oxide coated      
      anode for organic light-emitting diode, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS VOLUME      
    80, NUMBER 19,  pp 3485-3487, 13 MAY 2002
 
  - H. Y. Chen, W. Y. Lam, J. D. Luo, Y. L. Ho, B. Z. Tang, D.    
    B. Zhu, M. Wong and H. S. Kwok, Highly    
      efficient organic light-emitting diodes with a silole-based compound, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, VOLUME 81, NUMBER 4, pp 574-576, 22 JULY 2002
 
  - E.P. Pozhidaev, V.G. Chigrinov, D.D. Huang, H.S.Kwok, Alignment    
    of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals with Photoanisotropic Azodye Aligning    
    Layers, EURODISPLAY 2002, pp137-140
 
  - D.A. Yakovlev, V.G. Chigrinov, H.S.Kwok, Optimization    
    of Reflective LCDs with Phase Compensators, EURODISPLAY 2002, pp 473-476
 
  - V.A. Konovalov, V.G. Chigrinov, H.S.Kwok, Photo-Aligned    
    VAN LCD, EURODISPLAY 2002, pp 529-532
 
  - Chengfeng Qiu, Haiying Chen, Zhilang Xie, Man Wong and Hoi    
    Sing Kwok, A    
      Comparative Study of Metal Oxide Coated Indium-tin Oxide Anodes for Organic Light-emitting Diodes, EURODISPLAY 2002, pp 631-633
 
  - Chengfeng Qiu, Haiying Chen, Man Wong, Dopant    
    Emission Mechanism and the Effects of Host Materials on the Behavior of Doped Organic Light-Emitting    
      Diodes, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES,    
        VOL. 49, NO. 9, pp 1540-1544, SEPTEMBER 2002
 
  - Vladimir Chigrinov, Elena Prudnikova,    
    Vladimir Kozenkov, Zhihua Ling and Hoi Sing Kwok, Azodye    
      Aligning Layers for Liquid Crystal Cells, SID 02 DIGEST, pp 1106-1109
 
  - Chengfeng Qiu, Haiying Chen, Zhiliang Xie,    
    Man Wong and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Hole    
      Injection and Power Efficiency of Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Ultra-Thin Inorganic Buffer Layer on Indium Tin Oxide,    
        SID 02 DIGEST, pp 1262-1265
 
  - X. J. Yu and H. S. Kwok, Reflective    
    LCD Cell Gap Measurement by QHQ Compensation    
      Method, SID 02 DIGEST, pp 680-683
 
  - Zhiguo Meng, Hoi S. Kwok and Man Wong, Metal-Induced Unilaterally    
    Crystallized Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistor Technology for    
    Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays with Reduced Susceptibility to Cross-Talk,    
      SID 02 DIGEST, pp 976-979
 
  - Vladimir Chigrinov, Elena Prudnikova,     
    Vladimir Kozenkov, Zhihua Ling and Hoi Sing Kwok, Azodye     
      Aligning Layers for Liquid Crystal Cells, SID 02 DIGEST, pp 1106-1109
 
  - S. T. Tang and H. S. Kwok, Measurement 
    of reflective liquid crystal displays, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 
    91, NUMBER 11 1 JUNE 2002, pp 8950-8954
 
  - H. J. Peng, Z. T. Liu, H. 
    Y Chen, Y. L. Ho, B. Z. Tang, M. Wong, H. C. Huang, and 
      H. S. Kwok, Optical 
        constants of methyl-pentaphenylsilole by spectroscopic ellipsometry, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 92, NUMBER 10 
          15 NOVEMBER 2002, pp 
            5735-5739
 
  - G. V. Simonenko, V. G. Chigrinov, and H. S.  
    Kwok, Optical  
      characteristics of a guest¡Vhost reflective liquid-crystal display  
      with a phase compensator but no polarizing sheet and with positive image 
        contrast, J. Opt. Technol. 69 (2), February 2002, 
          pp 120-124
 
  - Jacky W. Y. Lam, 
    Yuping Dong, Kevin K. L. Cheuk, Jingdong Luo, Zhiliang 
      Xie, Hoi Sing Kwok, Zhishen Mo, and Ben Zhong Tang, Liquid 
        Crystalline and Light Emitting Polyacetylenes: Synthesis and Properties 
          of Biphenyl-Containing Poly(1-alkynes) with Different Functional 
            Bridges and Spacer Lengths, 
              Macromolecules 2002, 35, pp 1229-1240
 
Year 2001
  -  C.Lehane, H.S.Kwok, Enhanced          
    drilling using a dual-pulse Nd:YAG laser, Appl Phys A, vol 73, pp 45-48, 2001
 
  -  W.C. Yip, H.S.Kwok, Helix          
    unwinding of doped cholesteric liquid crystals, Applied Physics Letters          
    Volume78, Number 4, pp 425-427, 2001
 
  -  S.T. Tang, H.S. Kwok, Transmissive          
    liquid crystal cell parameters measurement by spectroscopic ellipsometry, Journal of Applied Physics Volume89, Number 1, pp 80-85, 2001
 
  -  H.C.Huang, P.W.Cheng and H.S. Kwok, Characterization            
    and minimization of flicker in silicon light valves,  Journal            
    of Applied Physics Volume89, Number 2, pp 831-837, 2001
 
  -  S. T. Tang and H. S. Kwok, Mueller          
    calculus and perfect polarization conversion modes in liquid crystal displays, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, Vol 89, No 10, pp 5288-5294, 15 MAY 2001
 
  -  W.C. Yip, H.S.Kwok, Pulse          
    Sequence Addressing for Gray-Scale Bistable Cholersteric Displays, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.Vol. 40 2001
 
  -  Tiezheng Qian, Zhiliang Xie and Hoi S. Kwok, Ping          
    Sheng, Dynamic flow, broken          
      surface anchoring, and switching bistability in three-terminal twisted nematic     
      liquid crystal displays , Journal of applied physics, vol 90, No 6,     
    2001
 
  -  W.C. Yip, H.S. Kwok, V.M. Kozenkov, V.G. Chigrinov, Photo-patterned          
    e-wave polarizer, Displays, 22, 2001
 
  -  C. F. Qiu, L. D. Wang, H. Y. Chen, M. Wong, and H. S. Kwok, Room-temperature          
    ultraviolet emission from an organic light-emitting diode, APPLIED          
    PHYSICS LETTERS, Vol 79, No 14, 1 OCTOBER 2001
 
  -  Jingdong Luo, Zhiliang Xie, Jacky W. Y. Lam, Lin Cheng, Haiying Chen, Chengfeng          
    Qiu,Hoi Sing Kwok, Xiaowei Zhan, Yunqi Liu, Daoben Zhuc and Ben Zhong Tang, Aggregation-induced          
      emission of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole, Chem. Commun., pp 1740-1741,      
    2001
 
  - 王謙, 余飛鴻, 郭海成  外電場作用下的液晶指向矢分布求解及液晶視角特性研究,            
    (Qian Wang, Feihong Yu, HS Kwok, Distribution of the liquid crystal director            
    under applied voltage and its viewing characteristics)
 
  - 王謙, 余飛鴻, 岑兆丰, 郭海成 用于液晶電光特性計算的無奇異點2X2矩陣研究,            
    (Qian Wang, Feihong Yu, Zhaofeng Cen, HS Kwok, Non-singular 2x2 matrix            
    method for liquid crystal display).
 
  -  Simonenko GV, Chigrinov VG, Kwok HS. High-image-contrast reflective liquid-crystal          
    display of the guest-host type with no polarizer. Optiko-Mekhanicheskaya          
    Promyshlennost, vol.68, no.1, pp.60-3, Jan. 2001.
 
  -  Simonenko GV, Chigrinov VG, Kwok HS. Optical characteristics of a reflective          
    guest-host liquid-crystal display with a phase compensator and no polarizing          
    sheet. Optiko-Mekhanicheskaya Promyshlennost, vol.68, no.3, pp.63-9, March          
    2001.
 
  -  S. T. Tang and H. S. Kwok, 3X3          
    Matrix for unitary optical systems, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A/Vol. 18, No. 9,      
    September 2001
 
  -  A.B. Djurisic, W.L. Guo, E.H. Li, L.S.M. Lam, W.K. Chan, S.Adachi, Z.T.          
    Liu, H.S. Kwok, Optical          
      properties of doped polycarbonate layers, Optics Communications 197, pp      
    355-351, 2001.
 
  -  J D Luo, Z L Xie, J W Y Lam, L Cheng, H Y Chen, C F Qiu, H S Kwok, X W         
    Zhan, Y Q Liu, D B Zhu and B Z Tang, Chemical Communications, pp 1740-1741,         
    2001.
 
  -  Z. L. Xie, Z. G. Meng, K. W. Ng, B. Z. Tang, Man Wong and H. S. Kwok, Bistable          
    Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals Display with Permanent Grayscales and Fast          
    Switching, SID 01 DIGEST, pp 228-231
 
  -  Jun Chen, Hoi-Sing Kwok, A          
    New Reflective Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Display Mode with Large Cell          
    Gap for Direct View Applications, SID 01 DIGEST, pp 874-877
 
  -  Chengfeng Qiu, Haiying Chen, Man Wong, and Hoi S. Kwok, Dependence of the Current and Power Efficiencies of Organic Light-Emitting          
    Diode on the Thickness of the Constituent Organic Layers, IEEE TRANSACTIONS          
    ON ELECTRON DEVICES, VOL. 48, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER, pp 2131-2137, 2001.
 
  -  C F Qiu, L D Wang, H Y Chen, M Wong and H S Kwok, Room Temperature Ultraviolet         
    Emission from an Organic Light Emitting Diode, Applied Physics Letters,         
    vol 79, pp 2276-2278, 2001.
 
Year 2000
  -  H S Kwok, H F Li and H C Huang, Progress          
    in Microdisplay Optics (Powerpoint file).
 
  -  Man Wong,  Zhonghe Jin, Gururaj A. Bhat,  Philip C. Wong, and            
    Hoi Sing Kwok, Characterization            
      of the MIC/MILC Interface and Its Effects on the Performance of MILC Thin-Film          
      Transistors  IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol 47, pp            
    1061-1067, 2000.
 
  -  H S Kwok, P W Cheng, H C Huang, X Liu and H F Li, A New Trichroic Prism          
    Assembly for Separating and Recombining Colors in a Compact Projection          
    Display, Applied Optics, vol 39, pp 168-172, 2000.
 
  -  Z. L. Xie, H. S. Kwok Optimization          
    of reflective bistable twisted nematic displays with retardation compensation JOURNAL          
    OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 88, No 4, pp 632-637, 15 AUGUST 2000
 
  -  Z. L. Xie, C. Y. Zheng, S. Y. Xu,  H. J. Gao and H. S. Kwok 0-360 bistable            
    nematic liquid crystal display with large dD n and high contrast, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, Vol 88, No 4, pp 1722-1725,        
    15 AUGUST 2000
 
  -  Z. L. Xie, Y. M. Dong, S. Y. Xu,  H. J. Gao and H. S. Kwok,p/2            
    and 5 p/2  twisted bistable nematic liquid            
    crystal display JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, Vol 87, No 6, pp 2673-2676, 15 MARCH            
    2000
 
  -  S. T. Tang, H. W. Chiu, and H. S. Kwok, Optically          
    optimized transmittive and reflective bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal          
    displays, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, Vol 87, No 2, pp 632-636, 15 JANUARY          
    2000
 
  -  Gururaj A. Bhat, Hoi S. Kwok, Man Wong, Behavior          
    of the drain leakage current in metal-induced laterally crystallized thin          
    film transistors Solid-State Electronics 44, pp 1321-1324, 2000
 
  -  G Bhat, H S Kwok and M Wong, Plasma Hydrogenation of Metal-Induced Laterally         
    Crystallized Thin Film Transistors, IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol         
    21, pp 73-75, 2000.
 
  -  X.W. Sun , L.D. Wang and H.S. Kwok, Improved          
    ITO thin films with a thin ZnO buffer layer by sputtering Thin Solid          
    Films 360 pp75-81, 2000
 
  -  Priscilla Pui-Sze Lee, Yanhou Geng, Hoi Sing Kwok, and Ben Zhong Tang, Synthesis          
    and light-emitting properties of poly(carbazolylacetylenes) Thin Solid            
    Films 363,  pp149-151, 2000
 
  -  Hongyao Xu, Qunhui Sun, Priscilla Pui-Sze Lee, Hoi Sing Kwok andBen Zhong          
    Tang Synthesis and light-emitting          
      properties of C60 -containing poly(1-phenyl-1-butyne)s , Thin Solid          
    Films 363, pp 143-145, 2000
 
  -  L.D. Wang, H.S. Kwok, Pulsed            
    laser deposition of organic thin films  Thin Solid Films 363,            
    pp58-60, 2000
 
  -  L.D. Wang, H.S. Kwok, Cubic          
    aluminum nitride and gallium nitride thin films prepared by pulsed laser          
    deposition Applied Surface Science 154-155, pp 439-443, 2000
 
  -  Jian-Xin Guo, Zhi-Guo Meng, Man Wong, and Hoi-Sing Kwok, Three-terminal          
    bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS,      
    Vol 77, No 23, 4 DECEMBER, pp3716-3718, 2000.
 
  -  Z G Meng, H S Kwok and M Wong, Comb-on-plane Switching Electrodes for Liquid         
    Crystal Displays, Journal of the Society for Information Displays, vol         
    8, pp 149-145, 2000.
 
  -  Z.L.Xie, C.Y.Zheng, S.Y.Xu, H.J.Gao, H.S.Kwok, 0-360 bistable            
    nematic liquid crystal display with large dDn            
    and high contrast, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.88, pp.1722-5, 2000.
 
  -  Z.L.Xie, H.S.Kwok, Optimization          
    of reflective bistable twisted nematic displays with retardation compensation, Journal          
      of Applied Physics Vol 88, pp 1718-21, 2000.
 
  -  J P Zheng, P T Charbel and H S Kwok, Microporous          
    silicon as a light trapping layer for photodiodes, Solid State Electrochemistry,          
    vol 3, pp 338-339, 2000.
 
  -  Jian-Xin Guo, H.S. Kwok, High          
    Performance Transmittive Bistable Twisted Nematic Liquid Displays,          
    Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, Vol 39, 2000.
 
  -  C X Zhu, J O Sin and H S Kwok, Characteristics of p and n-channel          
    poly-Si/SiGe/Si          
    sandwiched conductivity Modulated Thin Film Transistors, IEEE Transactions          
    on Electron Devices, vol 47, pp 2188-2193, 2000.
 
  -  G.V. Simonenko, V.G. Chigrinov, H.S. Kwok , Comparative analysis of the          
    characteristics of reflective liquid-crystal displays with one and two          
    polarizers, Optiko-Mekhanicheskaya Promyshlennost, vol.67, no.10, pp.35-9,          
    2000 (in Russian).
 
  -  V.G. Chigrinov, V.M. Kozenkov, W.C. Yip and H.S. Kwok, Photo-patterned          
    e-wave Polarizer, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, vol 269, pp 32,          
    2000.
 
  -  H C Huang, K C Lee, C K Yip, H L Cheung, P W Cheng and H S Kwok, Color          
    Sequential Microdisplay for Three Dimensional Virtual Reality Applications,          
    IEICE Transactions on Electronics, vol E83C, pp 1622-1631, 2000.
 
  -  W.C. Yip, H.S. Kwok, Cost-effective            
    Driving Scheme for  Bistable Cholesteric Displays, Jpn. J. Appl.            
    Phys, Vol 39, pp5169-5172, 2000
 
  -  W.C. Yip, H.S. Kwok, Effect          
    of Waveform Slew-rate on Bistable Cholesteric Displays, Jpn. J. Appl.          
    Phys, Vol 39, pp6619-6624, 2000
 
Year 1999 
  -  H. F. Li, Z. R. Zheng, P. F. Gu and X. Liu, P. W. Cheng, J. Chen, H. C.Huang,          
    and H. S. Kwok, Improved Projection          
      Optics for Reflective Silicon CMOS Light Valves (SPIE'99 Projection Displays       
    V)
 
  -  Gururaj A. BHAT, Man WONG, Zhonghe JIN, and Hoi S. KWOK, Analysis            
    and Reduction of Kink Effect in MILC-TFTs  (SID '99)
 
  -  S. T. Tang and H. S. Kwok, New         
    method of designing LCD with optimal optical properties, 1999 SID
 
  -  J. Chen, P. W. Cheng, S. K. Kwok, C.S. Li, Steve Young,H.C.Huang and H.S.Kwok, Generalized          
    mixed mode reflective liquid crystal displays for three-panel color projection          
    applications, SID '99
 
  -  Zhiguo Meng, Hoi S. Kwok and Man Wong, Comb-on-Plane         
    Switching Electrodes for Liquid Crystal Displays
 
  -  Zhiguo Meng, Hoi S. Kwok and Man Wong, Liquid          
    Crystal Switching Using Comb-on-Plane Electrodes, International Display          
      Works, Sendai, Japan, pp 125-128, 1999
 
  -  D D Huang, J Chen, H C Huang and H S Kwok, Two Dimensional Optical Analysis         
    of Reflective TN Mode with Variable Rubbing Angles in the Array, International         
    Display Works, Sendai, Japan, pp 45-48, 1999.
 
  -  F H Yu and H S Kwok, Comparison of Extended Jones Matrices for Twisted         
    Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays at Oblique Angles of Incidence, Journal         
    of Optical Society of America A, vol 16, pp 2772-80, 1999.
 
  -  Zhonghe Jin, Keith Moulding, Hoi S. Kwok, The         
    Effects of Extended Heat Treatment on Ni Induced Lateral Crystallization         
    of Amorphous Silicon Thin Films, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES,         
    VOL. 46, NO. 1, JANUARY 1999
 
  -  Zhonghe Jin, Hoi S. Kwok, and Man Wong, Performance         
    of Thin-Film Transistors with Ultrathin Ni-MILC Polycrystalline Silicon         
    Channel Layers, IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, VOL. 20, NO. 4, APRIL         
    1999
 
  -  Man Wong, Gururaj A. Bhat, and Hoi S. Kwok, Reverse         
    Short-Channel Effect in Metal-Induced Laterally Crystallized Polysilicon         
    Thin-Film Transistors, IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, VOL. 20, NO. 11,         
    NOVEMBER 1999
 
  -  Gururaj A. Bhat, Zhonghe Jin, Hoi S. Kwok, and Man Wong, Effects         
    of Longitudinal Grain Boundaries on the Performance of MILC-TFT's, IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS, VOL. 20, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 1999
 
  -  X. W. Sun, H. S. Kwok, Optical         
    properties of epitaxially grown zinc oxide films on sapphire by pulsed         
    laser deposition, Journal of Applied Physics, vol 86, pp 408-411, 1999.
 
  -  X W Sun and H S Kwok, Pulsed Laser Deposition of Silicate Phosphor Thin         
    Films, Applied Physics A, vol 69 (supp), pp S39-S43, 1999.
 
  -  Z. L. Xie, H. J. Gao, S. Y. Xu and H. S. Kwok, Optimization          
    of reflective bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays, JOURNAL          
    OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 86, No 5, pp 2373-2376, 1 SEPTEMBER 1999
 
  -  H C Huang, P W Cheng, H S Kwok, and S K Kwok, A          
    compact and high resolution video projectior based on Silicon light valves,          
    IEEE Trans on Consumer Electronics, Vol 45, No 4, pp 1144-1149, Nov 1999.
 
  -  M Wong, G Bhat and H S Kwok, Reverse Short-Channel Effect in Metal-Induced-Laterally          
    Crystallized Polysilicon Thin-Film Transistors, IEEE Electron Device          
    Letters, vol 20, pp 566-568, 1999.
 
  -  H S Kwok and J Chen,  Generalized parameter space diagrams for all liquid crystal displays, pp         
    165-169, ASID 1999
 
  -  Man Wong, Gururaj A Bhat and H S Kwok, Reduction          
    of Threshold voltage in metal-induced-laterally-crystallized thin film          
    transistors, pp 281-285, ASID 1999
 
  -  Chunxiang Zhu, Johnny Sin, H S Kwok, Experimental          
    characterization of P-channel polysilicon conductivity modulated thin-film          
    tansisitors, pp 287-291, ASID 1999
 
  -  H C Huang, H S Kwok, S K Kwok and C S Li, Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon          
    XGA projection display using mixed-mode twisted nematics, pp 45-48, ASID 1999
 
Year 1998 
  -  Z. L. Xie, Thomas Tang, H. S. Kwok, A          
    Novel -p /2 and 3p /2 Twist Bistable TN LCD, SID'98
 
  -  X. W. Sun and H. S. Kwok, Red,          
    Green and Blue Silicate Phosphor Thin Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition,       
    SID98
 
  -  Zhonghe Jin, Hoi S. Kwok, Man Wong, High         
    Performance Polycrystalline SiGe Thin Film Transistors Using Al2O3 Gate         
    Insulator, International Display Research Conference (Seoul), 1998.
 
  -  Z. L. Xie, H. J. Gao, B. Z. Chang, S. Y. Xu and H. S. Kwok, A         
    New BTN LCD with High Contrast Ratio and Large Cell Gap, International         
    Display Research Conference (Seoul) 1998.
 
  -  B Z Tang, X X Kong, X H Wan, H Peng, W Y Lam, X D Feng and H S Kwok, Liquid         
    Crystalline Polyacetylenes: Synthesis and Properties of Poly{n-[((4'-cyano-4-biphenylyl)oxy)carbonyl]-1-alkynes},         
    Macromolecules, vol 31, pp 2419-2432, 1998.
 
  -  Z L Xie and H S Kwok, Reflective Bistable Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal         
    Display, Japanese J Applied Physics, vol 37, pp 2572-75, 1998.
 
  -  B Z Tang, X H Wan and H S Kwok and, Synthesis and Polymerization of Silyethylenes         
    Containing a Stereogenic Silicon Center, European Polymer Journal, vol         
    34, pp 341-345, 1998.
 
  -  Kong, X.; Wan, X.; Kwok, H. S.; Feng, X.-D.; Tang, B. Z Influence of Backbone         
    Rigidity on the Liquid Crystallinity of Mesogen-Containing Polyacetylenes,         
    Chinese. J. Polym. Sci. vol 16, pp 185-192, 1998.
 
  -  Zhineng Fan, Gang Zhao,Paul K. Chu, Zhonghe Jin, Hoi S. Kwok, and Man Wong, Floating          
    low-temperature radio-frequency plasma oxidation of polycrystalline silicon-germanium, Applied Physics Letters Vol 73, No 3, pp 360-362, July 1998
 
  -  Zhonghe Jin, Hoi S. Kwok, and Man Wong, High-Performance          
    Polycrystalline SiGe Thin-Film Transistors Using Al O Gate Insulators, IEEE Electron Devices Letters, vol 19, pp 502-4, 1998.
 
  -  Z. L. Xie and H. S. Kwok, New          
    bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays, Journal of Applied          
    Physics, vol 84, pp 77-82, 1998.
 
  -  Zhonghe Jin, Gururaj A. Bhat, Milton Yeung, Hoi S. Kwok, and Man Wong, Nickel          
    induced crystallization of amorphous silicon thin films, Journal of          
    Applied Physics, vol 84, pp 194-200, 1998.
 
  -  Gururaji A Bhat, Zhonghe Jin, HS Kwok and Man Wong, The          
    effects of MIC/MILC interface on the performance of MILC-TFTs, DRC          
    1998
 
  -  Zhi-Liang Xie, H.S. Kwok, Reflective             
    Bistable Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Display, Jpn.            
      J. Appl. Phys.Vol. 37 1998
 
  -  Jun Chen, Fei-Hong Yu, H.C. Huang, H.S. Kwok, Refective          
    Supertwisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays,Japanese Journal          
    of Applied Physics, vol 37, pp 2572-75, 1998.
 
Year 1997
  -  S T Tang, F H Yu, J Chen, M Wong, H C Huang and H S Kwok, Reflective          
    Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays I. Retardation Compensation, J Applied          
    Physics, vol 81, pp 5924-5929, 1997.
 
  -  H S Kwok, H S Kim, D H Kim, X W Sun and R F Xiao, Correlation Between Plasma          
    Dynamics and Thin Film Properties in Pulsed Laser Deposition, Applied Surface          
    Science, vol 109/110, pp 595-600, 1997.
 
  -  R F Xiao, X W Sun, Z F Li, N Cue, H S Kwok, Q Z Liu and S S Lau, Growth          
    of Gallium Nitride Thin Films by Liquid Target Pulsed Laser Deposition,          
    J Vacuum Science and Technology A, vol 15, pp 2207-2213, 1997.
 
  -  Z G Meng, Z H Jin, B A Gururaj, P Chu, S S Lau, H S Kwok and M Wong, On          
    the Formation of Instrinsic Germanium Thin Films, J Materials Research,          
    vol 12, pp 2548-2551, 1997.
 
  -  Z H Jin, B A Gururaj, M Yeung, H S Kwok and M Wong, Low Temperature          
    Annealing of Polycrystalline SiGe After Dopant Implantation, IEEE Trans          
    on Electron Devices, vol 44, pp 1958-1964, 1997.
 
  -  Z G Meng, Z H Jin, B A Gururaj, P Chu, H S Kwok and M Wong, Germanium Thin          
    Film Formation by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition, Journal of Electrochemical          
    Society, vol 144, pp 1423-1429, 1997.
 
  -  T Z Qian, Z L Xie, H S Kwok and P Sheng, Dynamic Flow and Switching          
    Bistability in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells, Applied Physics          
    Letters, vol 71, pp 632-4, 1997.
 
  -  W C Yip, H C Huang and H S Kwok, Efficient Polarization Converter for          
    Projection Displays, Applied Optics, vol 36, pp 6453-6457, 1997.
 
  -  F H Yu, J Chen, S T Tang and H S Kwok, Reflective Liquid Crystal Displays          
    II - Elimination of Retardation Film and Rear Polarizer, J Applied          
    Physics, vol 82, pp 5287-5285, 1997.
 
  -  X H Wan, H S Kwok and B Z Tang, Optically Active Polymers with Heteroatom            
    Chiral Centers: Synthesis of Chiral Silicon Containing Poly(Silylethylene)s            
    with Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution, Polymer  Matl. Science            
    and Engineering, vol 77, pp 513-514, 1997.
 
  -  Zhonghe Jin, Gururaj A. Bhat, Milton Yeung, Hoi S. Kwok, M. Wong, Solid          
    State Reaction of Ni with Amorphous SiGe Thin Film on SiO2, Japanese          
    J Applied Physics, Part 2 (Letters), Vol. 36 (12B), Dec/1997.
 
  -  F H Yu and H S Kwok, A New Driving          
    Scheme for Reflective Bistable Cholesteric LCDs, SID 97 Digest.
 
  -  J Chen, F H Yu, S T Tang, HC Huang and H S Kwok, New          
    Optimized Reflective LCD Modes for Direct View and Projection Displays,          
    SID 97 Digest.
 
  -  J Chen, F H Yu, S Chen and H S Kwok, Chromatic Parameter Space for Representation of LCD Operating Modes,          
    IDRC 97.
 
  -  F H Yu, J Chen, H C Huang and H S Kwok, A New TN-ECB Reflective LCD with Large Cell Gap and Low Operating Voltage, IDRC 97.
 
  -  H S Kwok, T Z Qian, Z L Xie and P Sheng, Optical Properties of Bistable Twisted Nematic LCD and Its Switching Mechanisms,          
    IDRC 97.
 
  -  H S Kwok, F H Yu, S T Tang and J Chen, Design and Fabrication of Reflective          
    Nematic Displays with only one Polarizer, SPIE 97 (Conf 3143). Part 1, Part 2.
 
  -  PW Cheng, HC Huang and HS Kwok, Fast          
    prototyping of video interface controller for AMLCD system, ASID 1997
 
  -  FH Yu, J Chen, ST Tang and HS Kwok, New          
    reflective liquid crystal display modes, ASID 1997
 
  -  HC Huang, PW Cheng and HS Kwok, Intergrated          
    digital input driver for active matrix liquid-crystal-on-Silicon display,          
    ASID 1997
 
Year 1996
  -  X. W. Sun, H. C. Huang, and H. S. Kwok, On          
    the initial growth of indium tin oxide on glass, Appl. Phys. Lett.          
    68 (19), pp 2663-2665, May 1996
 
  -  Y.T. Wong, H.C. Huang and H.S. Kwok, "Color Filter on Chip for Silicon          
    based AMLCD", Society for Information Display Annual Symposium, pp. 95-99,          
    Supplement, 1996
 
  -  H.C. Huang, C.T. Nguyen and H.S. Kwok, "Planarization of Liquid Crystal          
    on Silicon Projection Display with Multi-level Metallization and Chemo-Mechanical          
    Polishing", Society for Information Display Annual Symposium, pp. 685-689,          
    1996
 
  -  X W Sun, H C Huang and H S Kwok, In-Situ Resistance Measurements During          
    Pulsed Laser Deposition of Ultrathin Films, Applied Surface Science, vol          
    106, pp 51-54, 1996.
 
  -  W.C. Yip, H.C. Huang and H.S. Kwok, Achromatic Phase Retarder by Phase          
    Subtraction, Applied Optics, vol 35, pp 4381-4385, 1996.
 
  -  H. S. Kwok, Parameter          
    space representation of liquid crystal display operating modes, J.          
    Appl. Phys., Vol. 80, No. 7, pp 3687-3693, October 1996
 
  -  R. F. Xiao, H. B. Liao, N. Cue, X. W. Sun and H. S. Kwok, Growth          
    of c-axis oriented gallium nitride thin films on an amorphous substrate          
    by the liquid-target pulsed laser deposition technique, J. Appl. Phys.          
    80 (7), pp 4226-4228, October 1996.
 
Year 1995
  -  D. H. Kim and H. S. Kwok, Pulsed          
  laser deposition of BaTiO3 thin films and their optical properties, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 (13), 25 September 1995
 
  -  Q.X. Jia, J.P. Zheng, H.S. Kwok, and W.A. Anderson, "Indium Tin Oxide on          
    InP by Pulsed Laser Deposition", Thin Solid Films, Vol. 258, pp. 260-263,          
    1995.
 
  -  Y Domankevitz, H S Kwok and J A Copley, A Laser Device for Perforating          
    Materials, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol 66, pp 5642-3, 1995.
 
  -  H.C. Huang, P.W. Cheng, W.C. Yip, H.S. Kwok, C.S. Li, and Y. Liao, "AMLCD          
    on a Silicon Substrate with Integrated Digital Data Driver", Proceedings          
    of International Display Research Conference (Asia Display 95), pp. 481-484,          
    1995.
 
Year 1994
  -  W. P. Shen and H. S. Kwok, Crystalline          
    phases of II-VI compound semiconductors grown by pulsed laser deposition, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 65, No. 17, pp 2162-2164, October 1994
 
  -  J P Zheng and H S Kwok, Exciton and Biexciton Recombination in Semiconductor          
    Nanocrystals, Appl Phys Lett, vol 65, pp 1151-1153, 1994.
 
  -  W P Shen, C Lehane, J P Zheng and H S Kwok, Interface Effects on YBCO          
    Ultrathin Film Growth Monitored by In-Situ Resistance, Appl Phys Lett,          
    Vol 64, pp 3175-3177, 1994.
 
  -  D. H. Kim and H. S. Kwok, Pulsed          
    laser deposition of VO 2 thin films, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 65, No.          
    25, pp 3188-3190, December 1994